All figures are provided to the academic community for use in teaching and research. All copyrights remain with the appropriate parties as listed in the publications themselves.

Aerodynamically Focused Nanoparticle (AFN) Printing System for Nanoscale 3D Printer

G. Lee built the AFN Printing System for the Nanoscale 3D Printer.

G. Lee, 2013, Ph.D. dissertation, Seoul National University.

G. Lee, J. Park, C. Kim, H. Yoon, J. Yang, and S. Ahn, “Aerodynamically focused nanoparticle (AFN) printing: novel direct printing technique of solvent-free and inorganic nanoparticles,” ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 6(19): 16466-16471, 2014. (SCI, IF 7.504, JCR Rank 22/275 in MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY, Citation by Google Scholar 19)

S. Ahn and G. Lee, “Apparatus and method of transferring, focusing and purging of powder for direct printing at low temperature)," 2014, Korean patent: 10-2013-0162573 (granted), US patent: 9056483 B1 (granted).

​G. Lee, M. Kim, H. Yoon, J. Yang, J. Ihn, S. Ahn, “Direct printing of strain sensors via nanoparticle printer for the applications to composite structural health monitoring,” Procedia CIRP, 66: 238 – 242, 2017.

Micro scale smart actuator

H. Lee, M. Kim, G. Lee, C. Kim, and S. Ahn, “Shape memory alloy (SMA) based microscale actuators with 60% deformation rate and 1.6 kHz actuation speed,” Small, 1801023, 2018.

Acoustic metamaterial and phononic crystal

G. Lee, C. Chong, P.G. Kevrekidis, J. Yang, “Wave mixing effect in coupled phononic crystals via a variable stiffness mechanism,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 95: 501-516, 2016. (SCI, IF 4.255, JCR Rank 5/133 in MECHANICS, Citation by Google Scholar 3)

Acoustic camera and SHM/NDE

​J. Rivey, G. Lee†, Y. Kim, S. Kim, J. Yang, “Visualization of stress wave propagation via air-coupled acoustic emission sensors,” Smart Materials and Structures, 26(2): 025020, 2017. (SCI, IF 2.909, JCR Rank 9/58 in INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATIONS, Citation by Google Scholar 1)

Flexible Electronics

C. Pang, G. Lee, T. Kim, S. Kim, H. Kim, S. Ahn, and K. Suh, “A flexible and highly sensitive strain-gauge sensor using reversible interlocking of nanofibres,” Nature Materials, 11: 795-801, 2012. (SCI, IF 39.737, JCR Rank 1/275 in MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY, Citation by Google Scholar 609)

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite

G. Lee, J. Choi, M. Kim, and S. Ahn, “Fabrication and reliable implementation of an ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) biaxial bending actuator,” Smart Materials and Structures, 20(10): 105026, 2011. (SCI, IF 2.909, JCR Rank 9/58 in INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATIONS, Citation by Google Scholar 37)

B. Bhandari, G. Lee, and S. Ahn, “A review on IPMC material and actuators and sensors: fabrication, characterization and applications,” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 13(1): 141-163, 2012. (SCIE, IF 1.497, JCR Rank 62/130 in ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL, Citation by Google Scholar 101)

S. Ahn, H. Kim,  G. Lee, K. Lee, R. Wu. J. Kim, and S. Song, Smart Soft Composite Actuator, 2014, US, Korea (granted), China Patents.

Smart materials and structures

R. Wu, M. Han, G. Lee, and S. Ahn, “Woven type smart soft composite beam with in-plane shape retention,” Smart Materials and Structures, 22(12): 125007, 2013. (SCI, IF 2.909, JCR Rank 9/58 in INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATIONS, Citation by Google Scholar 17)

S. Ahn, H. Kim, S. Song, M. Han, and G. Lee, Underwater Robot Based on Flapping, 2014, 10-1376877 (granted).

Energy Harvester

J. Park, G. Lee, J. Yang, C. Kim, and S. Ahn, “Flexible Ceramic-Elastomer Composite Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing,” Journal of Composite Materials: Special Issue, 50(12): 1573-1579, 2016. (SCIE, IF 1.494, JCR Rank 10/25 in MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES, Citation by Google Scholar 5)

Solar Cell

S. Ahn, J. Choi, C. Kim, G. Lee, H. Lee, K. Cho, D. Chun, and C. Lee, “Laser-assisted nano particle deposition system and its application for dye sensitized solar cell fabrication,” CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 61(1): 575-578, 2012. (SCIE, IF 2.893, JCR Rank 7/44 in ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL, Citation by Google Scholar 22)

Nanoscale 3D Printing System

S. Ahn, H. Yoon, K. Jang, E. Kim, H. Lee, G. Lee, C. Kim, and S. Cha, “Nanoscale 3D printing process using aerodynamically focused nanoparticle (AFN) printing, micro-machining, and focused ion beam (FIB),” CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 64(1): 523-526, 2015. (SCIE, IF 2.893, JCR Rank 7/44 in ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL, Citation by Google Scholar 13)

Appropriate Technology (AT)

B. Bhandari, K. Lee, G. Lee, Y. Cho, and S. Ahn, “Optimization of hybrid renewable energy power systems: A review,” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, 2(1): 99-112, 2015. (SCIE, IF 3.494, JCR Rank 4/44 in ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING, Citation by Google Scholar 88)

2013. 05.
A Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Prize (Student Leader), Design with the Other 90%
국토교통부장관상(대상) (학생 대표), Global Solar Volunteer Corps, 제5회 소외된 90%를 위한 창의설계 경진대회

Energy and buildings for the AT

W. Chu, M. Kim, K. Lee, B. Bhandari, G. Lee, H. Yoon, H. Kim, J. Park, E. Bilegt, E., J. Lee, J. Song, G. Park, P. Bhandari, C. Lee, C. Song, and S. Ahn, "Design and Performance Evaluation of Korean Traditional Heating System - Ondol: Case Study in Nepal," Energy and Buildings, 138: 406-414, 2017. (SCIE, IF 4.067, JCR Rank 5/61 in CONSTRUNTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY, Citation by Google Scholar 1)

Smart factory and the Industry 4.0

G. Lee, M. Kim, Y. Quan, M. Kim, T. J. Kim, H. Yoon, S. Min, D. Kim, J. Mun, J. Oh, I. Choi, C. Kim, W. Chu, J. Yang, B. Bhandari, C. Lee, J. Ihn, and S. Ahn, “Machine health management in smart factory: A review,” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 32(3), 2018. (Invited paper)

4D printing

V. Khare, S. Sonkaria, G. Lee, S. Ahn, W. Chu, “From 3D to 4D Printing - Design, Material Fabrication for Multi-Functional Multi-Materials,” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, 4(3): 291-299, 2017. (SCIE, IF 3.494, JCR Rank 4/44 in ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING, Citation by Google Scholar 2)

Wearable sensor

​J. Zhang, G. Lee, C. Cerwyn, J. K. Yang, F. Fondjo, J.-H. Kim, M. Taya, D. Gao, J.-H. Chung, “Fracture-Induced Mechano-Electrical Sensitivities of Paper-Based Nanocomposites,” Advanced Materials Technologies, 3(3): 1700266, 2018.